 |
In the pie charts, dark blue refers
to R1b1b2d, dark light to R1b1b2c, white to other R, orange
to I2a2, salmon to other I and pink to lineages that entered
Iberia from the Neolithic onwards. The light gray slice refers to
R plus I lineages. |
From the study of
López-Parra et al. 2009 which analyses 5 pyrenean populations (25 males from
Vall d'Arán (Lleida province), 34 from
Alt Urgell (Lleida province), 37 from
Cerdanya (Girona province), 31 from
Jacetania (Huesca province) and 42 from
Cinco Villas (Navarre province).
As expected, the vast majority by far of these populations belong to haplogroup
R1b1b2-M269 (
total 131/169 = 77.5%), especially the subhaplogroup R1b1b2*, and the second most common haplogroup among the total Pyrenean samples was
haplogroup I which accounted for
12.4% (21/169) of paternal lineages, being
I2a2 the most common clade. The rest of haplogroups are quite minoritary. Here are the distributions for each of the pyrenean populations sampled :
Cerdeña (n=37)
R1b: 75.7%
I: 16.2%
G : 2.7%
J: 2.7%
E: 0%
Alt Urgell (n=34)
R1b: 76.5%
I: 8.8%
J: 8.8%
E: 2.9%
Vall d'Arán (n=25)
R1b : 84%
I: 12%
E: 4%
J: 0%
Jacetania (N=31) :
R1b : 64.%
I: 16.1%
J: 9.7%
R1: 6.45%
G: 3.2%
E: 0%
Cinco Villas (n=42)
R1b: 85.7%
I: 14.3%
TOTAL (n=169) :
R1b (131/169)
: 77.5% I (21/169) :
12.4% J
(7/169) = 4.14%
, G
(3/169) = 1.78%
E (3/169) = 1.78%
, R1
(2/169) = 1.18%
and
Other
2/169 = 1.18%
.
Summary
The male-mediated genetic legacy of the Pyrenean population was assessed through the analysis of 12 Y-STR and 27 Y-SNP loci in a sample of 169 males from 5 main geographical areas in the Spanish Pyrenees: Cinco Villas (Western Pyrenees), Jacetania and Valle de Arán (Central Pyrenees) and Alto Urgel and Cerdaña (Eastern Pyrenees). In the Iberian context, the Pyrenean samples present some specificities, being characterizeded by a high proportion of chromosomes R1b1b2-M269 (including the usually uncommon R1b1b2d-SRY2627 and R1b1b2c-M153 types) or I2a2-M26 and low proportions of other haplogroups. Our results indicate that an old pre-Neolithic substrate is preponderant in populations of the whole Pyrenean fringe. However, AMOVA revealed a high level of substructure within Pyrenean populations, partially explained by drift effects as well as by the signature of an ancient genetic differentiation between Western and Eastern Pyrenees.
Other interesting extracts from the study :
I2a2 is virtually absent east of the Italian Apennines and
shows the highest incidences in north-eastern Iberia/southern France, with the exception of the isolated and dramatic peak of frequency (40.9%) in Sardinia (Rootsi et al. 2004).
This was well illustrated in the phylogram of I2a2 in Figure 1 from Rootsi et al. (2004) based upon the population data available at the moment, within which
Basques (Spanish and French mixed) and
Bearnais (in the
French Atlantic Pyrenees) showed the highest continental frequencies (
6% and
7.7% respectively). New data from Spanish Basques (Alonso et al. 2005) did not reproduce such elevated values; in Biscay I2a2 was not detected and its frequency was 1.3% in Gipuzkoa and 4.5% in Alava plus Navarra. From the new data presented here it seems that the Pyrenees might indeed have been the region where I2a2 arose and from which it initiated the spreading process after the LGM.
One of the signs comes from the concentration of high frequencies of I2a2 among populations from the entire Pyrenean range. Our data strongly reinforce previous evidence that
I2a2 arose during Mesolithic times in a region close to or within the Pyrenees. The dispersal of I2a2 from its place of origin throughout the Pyrenees and beyond, implied not only gene exchange but also considerable movement of people. Very likely, the demographic event associated with the expansion of I2a2 was the Ice-age repopulation of
Europe from the Franco-Cantabrian refuge. A number of studies on human mtDNA diversity have already indicated that
the Franco-Cantabrian glacial refuge was a major source for the European gene pool (Achilli et al. 2004), and our data on I2a2 seemingly lend support to the role of the region as a
Mesolithic diffusion center of male lineages.
